President John F. Kennedy during his State of the Union speech in 1961.
Image courtesy Space.com.

In 1961 on this date, President John F. Kennedy, in his second State of the Union Message to Congress, announced his intention that the United States “…land a man on the Moon and return him safely to Earth” by the end of the 1960s. This is now seen as the beginning of the Space Race between the United States and the Soviet Union.